برساخت متنی زنانگی در نخستین نشریات زنان ایران

اکبری, زینب

برساخت متنی زنانگی در نخستین نشریات زنان ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

زینب اکبری

استادیار، گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده ادبیات، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زنان از آغاز فرآیند مدرنیته در ایران یعنی بازۀ تاریخی جنبش مشروطه تا پایان پهلوی اول که از آن باعنوان نقطۀ پیدایی مسئلۀ زنانگی و هویت جنسیتی زن در ایران یاد می‎شود با ایدئولوژی‌های گوناگونی از زنانگی روبرو بوده‌اند. زبان، به‌ویژه تحلیل گفتمان، ابزاری برای بررسی چیستی این ایدئولوژی‌ها یا گفتمان‌ها و چگونگی تداوم آن‌ها فراهم می‌کند. یکی از منابع غنی زبانی که ایدئولوژی‌های زنانگی را رمزگذاری و تداوم می بخشد، نشریات زنان است چنانکه می‌توان گفت تاریخ نشریات ارتباط تنگاتنگی با تاریخ بازنمایی‌ها و گفتمان‌های زنانگی مدرن دارد. پژوهش حاضر بر پایۀ رویکرد تحلیل گفتمان در چارچوب نظریۀ جیمز پل جی به بررسی برساخت متنی زنانگی در نخستین نشریات زنان ایران می‌پردازد که در فاصلۀ سال‌های 1289 تا 1320 انتشار یافته‌اند. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش، این نشریات با برساخت ایدئولوژی‌های گوناگونی از زنانگی همچون «زنانگی مردسالار»، «زنانگی برابری‌خواه»، «زنانگی قدرتمند»، «زنانگی ملی‌گرا» و «زنانگی تنانه» مجموعه‌ای ازگفتمان‌ها یا هویت‌های رقیب و بالقوه متناقض را دربارۀ چیستی زن ایده‌آل پیش رو می‌نهند. تجزیه و تحلیل واژگان، انتخاب‌های استعاری و ساختارهای بلاغی نشان می‌دهد که چگونه زبان نشریات در پیوستاری تاریخی زنانگی را در طیف گفتمانی گسترده‌ای از بازتولید مردسالاری تا برساخت پسافمینستی زن ایده‌آل قرار می‌دهد که بر اساس آن استفاده از بدن زنان و حتی جذابیت جنسی زنان منبعی غنی برای هویت‌‌بخشی و توانمندسازی زنان قلمداد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.26454955.1404.20.72.9.7

موضوعات

فصلنامه فرهنگی تربیتی زنان و خانواده

عنوان مقاله [English]

Textual construction of femininity in the first Iranian women's magazines

نویسنده [English]

zeinab akbari

Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

From the beginning of the process of modernity in Iran, i.e. the historical period of the constitutional movement, to the end of the first Pahlavi, which is referred to as the starting point of the issue of femininity and female gender identity in Iran, women have faced various ideologies of femininity. Language, especially discourse analysis, provides a tool to examine what these ideologies or discourses are and how they persist. One of the rich sources of language that encodes and perpetuates the ideologies of femininity is women's periodicals, as it can be said that the history of periodicals is closely related to the history of representations and discourses of modern femininity. Based on the discourse analysis approach in the framework of James Paul Jay's theory, the present research examines the textual construction of femininity in the first Iranian women's publications that were published between 1919 and 1941. Based on the research results of these publications, by constructing various ideologies of femininity such as "patriarchal femininity", "egalitarian femininity", "empowering femininity", "nationalist femininity" and "sexual femininity ", a series of discourses or They put forward competing and potentially contradictory identities about what the ideal woman is. The analysis of words, metaphorical choices and rhetorical structures shows how the language of the periodicals in the historical continuum places femininity in a wide discourse spectrum from the reproduction of patriarchy to the post-feminist construction of the ideal woman, based on which it is used. Women's bodies and even women's sexual attractiveness are considered a rich source for women's identity and empowerment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

femininity
women's magazines
discourse analysis
textual

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