بررسی پدیداری تجربه زندگی دختران نوجوان در خانواده های ناتنی و ارتباط بامادرخوانده

پورسید آقایی, زهرا; خلخال, زهرا; مدنی فر, مرضیه; امان اللهی, زهرا; دهدست, کوثر; قاسمی نیایی, فاطمه

بررسی پدیداری تجربه زندگی دختران نوجوان در خانواده های ناتنی و ارتباط بامادرخوانده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ استادیار، گروه مشاوره،دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا(س)، تهران،ایران.

² کارشناسی ارشد رشته مشاوره، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد، واحد الکترونیکی، تهران، ایران.

³ دکتری رشته مشاوره، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه‌طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

⁴ دکتری رشته مشاوره، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه‌طباطبایی، تهران، ایران .

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی پدیداری تجربه زندگی دختران نوجوان در خانواده‌های ناتنی و در ارتباط با مادرخوانده بود. روش پژوهش، کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی تفسیری بود. جمعیت مورد مطالعه، 25 نفر از دختران نوجوان 11 تا 16 ساله منطقه 9 تهران بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و تا سر حد اشباع اطلاعات، انتخاب و در مطالعه شرکت کردند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته استفاده شد. کدگذاری داده‌ها، هم‌زمان با جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، انجام و ادامه یافت. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش ون مانن (2016) در 6 مرحله انجام شد. مجموعاً از تعداد 25 مصاحبه، 368 کد اولیه، 92 مفهوم اولیه، 12 مضمون فرعی و 2 مضمون اصلی به دست آمد. مضامین اصلی شامل «چالش‌ها و موانع» با مضامین فرعی «پریشانی هیجانی – شناختی؛ فقدان‌های چندگانه؛ عدم اختصاص زمان و توجه؛ ادراک منفی از والد ناتنی؛ تضادهای وفاداری؛ تعارض فرسایشی؛ کنترل گری و اعمال قوانین شدید؛ و ابهام نقش» و «فرصت‌ها و منابع» شامل « اختصاص زمان و توجه کافی؛ حمایت و مراقبت گری؛ شبکه حمایتی گسترده‌تر و منابع بیشتر؛ و یادگیری و رشد شخصی» بود. نتایج نشان داد که سازگار شدن با تغییرات ناشی از ازدواج مجدد والدین و حضور در خانواده ناتنی، برای نوجوانان فرآیندی زمان‌بر است که با توجه به عوامل مختلف فردی و بین فردی، محدوده آن کم یا زیاد خواهد شد. همچنین در کنار آسیب‌های موجود در این‌گونه خانواده‌ها، راهبردهای مقابله‌ای موفقی از سوی برخی خانواده‌ها و نوجوانان، اتخاذ و استفاده می‌شود که می‌تواند در مشاوره‌های خانواده بدان توجه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.26454955.1404.20.72.4.2

موضوعات

فصلنامه فرهنگی تربیتی زنان و خانواده

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phenomenological investigation of teenage girls' life experience in stepfamilies and relationship with stepmother

نویسندگان [English]

Zahra Porseyed Aghei ¹
zahra khalkhal ²
marzieh madanifar ³
Zahra Amanollahi ¹
Kowsar Dehdast ¹
Fatemeh Ghaseminiaei ⁴

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

² Master's Degree in Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Azad University, Electronic Unit, Tehran, Iran.

³ PhD in Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ PhD in Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research was to investigate the phenomenon of the life experience of teenage girls in relation to the stepmother. The research method was a qualitative type of interpretative phenomenology. The study population was 25 adolescent girls aged 11 to 16 years old in the 9th district of Tehran, who were selected and participated in the study using the purposeful sampling method and up to the point of information saturation. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. After recording each interview, the extracted content was implemented word by word on paper. Data coding continued simultaneously with data collection. Data analysis was done using Van Manen's method (2016) in 6 steps. A total of 368 primary codes, 92 primary concepts, 12 sub-themes and 2 main themes were obtained from 25 interviews. The main themes include "challenges and obstacles" with sub-themes "emotional-cognitive disturbance; multiple deficits; lack of time and attention; negative perception of the stepparent; Conflicts of loyalty; erosive conflict; strict control and enforcement of rules; and role ambiguity" and "opportunities and resources" including "dedicating enough time and attention; support and care; wider support network and more resources; and learning and personal growth. The results showed that adapting to the changes caused by parents' remarriage and being in a stepfamily is a time-consuming process for teenagers, which will increase or decrease depending on various individual and interpersonal factors. Also, along with the existing injuries in such families, successful coping strategies are adopted and used by some families and teenagers, which can be considered in family counseling

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

step parents
Teenage girl
remarriage

مراجع

Emami Ale Agha, Sh., Pourhossein, R., Besharat, M. A. and Gholamali Lavasani, M. (1393). moghaysĥ̉ naarzandehsazi dar farafkaninpehei koodkan ba khanavadegnpehei natani ve tani bar asas azmon tarsim khanavadeh. majleh alum ravaneshenakhti, 1̱3̱ (5̱1̱), 307-320.

URL: http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-385-fa.html. (in Persian)

Heydari Soudjani, Z. and Gholamzadeh Jafareh, M. (1402). roykard pedidarshenasanĥ̉ chaleshesaye nojavanan az ezdavaj mojdad valdinshan. danesh ve pajoosh dar ravan shenasi karbardi, 24(2), 68-57. (in Persian)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30486/jsrp.2021.1938957.3143

Soori, G., Goodarz, K. and Roozbahani, M. (1400). asarbakhshi madakhalĥ̉ mobtani bar vakavi mosheklat khanavadegnpehei ezdavaj mojdad bar ravabet farzand ba valadkhandeh. faslnamĥ̉ taali moshavareh ve ravan darmani, 10 (37), 55-45.(in Persian)

URL:https://journal-counselling.islamshahr.iau.ir/article_681789.html

Kazemi Sahlvani, M., Ali Mandegari, M. and Rouhani, A. (1401). vakavi chegongi madirit menabe mali dar khanavadeh cpehei natani, yek nazarieh zamineh i. jameashenasi nehadehaye ejtemaei, 9(19 ), 158-131.(in Persian)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22080/SSI.2022.23330.1992

Giddens, A. (1394). jameh shenasi (ba tajdid nazar kamel ve ruzamadshodeh).tarjmeh hasan chaveshian. taharan: neshar ni.(in Persian)

Mohammadi, R. and Mohammadi, Z. (1398). chaleshesaye ezdavaj mojdad zanan ba hozur farzand: pajooshi kifi. zan dar toseeh ve siast, 17 (1), 119-97.(in Persian).

https://doi.org/10.22059/jwdp.2019.275723.1007586

Yekleh, M., Mohsenzadeh, F. and Zahrakar, K. (1397). motaleĥ̉ kifit ezdavaj mojdad pes az talagh (roykard dadeh bonyad). faslnamĥ̉ madadkari ejtemaei, 7 (3), 31-17.(in Persian)

URL: http://socialworkmag.ir/article-1-442-fa.html

Adler‐Baeder, F., & Higginbotham, B. (2004). Implications of remarriage and stepfamily formation for marriage education. Family Relations, 53(5), 448-458. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0197-6664.2004.00053.x

Afifi, T. D., & Pryor, J. (2008). Communication in stepfamilies: Stressors and resilience. The international handbook of stepfamilies: Policy and practice in legal, research, and clinical environments, 299-320. ‏ https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-11024-013

Amati, R., & Hannawa, A. F. (2014). Relational dialectics theory: Disentangling physician-perceived tensions of end-of-life communication. Health Communication, 29(10), 962-973. DOI: ‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2013.815533

Ayittey, R. E., Salifu Yendork, J., Oti-Boadi, M., & Oppong Asante, K. (2022). Experiences of Adolescent Stepchildren in the Stepfamily Context in Ghana: A Qualitative Exploratory Study. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 63(6), 422-440. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2022.2106814

Baker, E. R., Jensen, C. J., & Tisak, M. S. (2019). A closer examination of aggressive subtypes in early childhood: Contributions of executive function and single-parent status. Early Child Development and Care, 189(5), 733-746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2017.1342079

Bean, R. C. (2019). Relationship Maintenance Behaviors and Marital Stability in Remarriage: The Examination of Stepfamily Constellations and Associated Challenges (Doctoral dissertation, Utah State University). URL: https://www.proquest.com/openview/0d75f04d4b0862f7cbf0e08266739f87/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y

Beck, G. A., & Socha, T. J. (2015). Communicating hope and resilience across the lifespan. Peter Lang.‏ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290393833_Communicating_Hope_and_Resilience_across_the_Lifespan

Berntsen, K. N., & Kravdal, Ø. (2012). The relationship between mortality and time since divorce, widowhood or remarriage in Norway. Social science & medicine, 75(12), 2267-2274. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.08.028

Braithwaite, D. O., Baxter, L. A., & Harper, A. M. (1998). The role of rituals in the management of the dialectical tension of “old” and “new” in blended families. Communication Studies, 49(2), 101-120. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10510979809368523

Braithwaite, D., Olson, L., Golish, T., Soukup, C., & Turman, P. (2001). " Becoming a family": developmental processes represented in blended family discourse. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 29(3), 221-247. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00909880128112

Brown, N. M., & Amatea, E. S. (2013). Love and intimate relationships: Journeys of the heart. Routledge. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203766354

Buzzanell, P. M. (2017). Communication theory of resilience: Enacting adaptive-transformative processes when families experience loss and disruption. In Engaging theories in family communication (pp. 98-109). Routledge. ‏ https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315204321-9/communication-theory-resilience-buzzanell

Cartwright, C. (2006). You want to know how it affected me? Young adults' perceptions of the impact of parental divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 44(3-4), 125-143. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v44n03_08

Cartwright, C., Farnsworth, V., & Mobley, V. (2009). Relationships with step-parents in the life stories of young adults of divorce. Family Matters, (82), 30-37. ‏ https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.817720297194735

Cartwright, P. (2014). Step-parenting. Families, policy and the law: Selected essays on contemporary issues for Australia. ‏ https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/rights.htm

Coleman, M., Ganong, L. H., & Fine, M. (2004). Communication in stepfamilies. In A. Vangelisti (ed.), Handbook of family communication (pp. 215–232). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003043423

Cope, D. G. (2014, January). Methods and meanings: Credibility and trustworthiness of qualitative research. In Oncology nursing forum (Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 89-91). ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1188/14.ONF.89-91

Crohn, H. M. (2006). Five styles of positive step mothering from the perspective of young adult stepdaughters. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 46(1-2), 119-134. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v46n01_07

Dowling, M. (2007). From Husserl to van Manen. A review of different phenomenological approaches. International journal of nursing studies, 44(1), 131-142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.11.026

Felker, J. A., Fromme, D. K., Arnaut, G. L., & Stoll, B. M. (2002). A qualitative analysis of stepfamilies: The stepparent. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 38(1-2), 125-142. ‏‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v38n01_07

Freisthler, B., Svare, G. M., & Harrison-Jay, S. (2003). It was the best of times, it was the worst of times: Young adult stepchildren talk about growing up in a stepfamily. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 38(3-4), 83-102.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v38n03_05

Ganong, L. H., & Coleman, M. (2017). Stepfamily relationships: Development, dynamics, and interventions (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7702-1_8

Golish, T. D. (2003). Stepfamily communication strengths: Understanding the ties that bind. Human Communication Research, 29(1), 41-80. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/29.1.41

Heinonen, K. (2015). Van Manen’s method and reduction in a phenomenological hermeneutic study. Nurse researcher, 22(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.22.4.35.e1326

Hetherington, E. M., & Jodl, K. M. (2014). Stepfamilies as settings for child development. In Stepfamilies (pp. 55-79). Routledge. DOI: ‏ https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315827469

Hetherington, E. M., & Kelly, J. (2002). For better or for worse: Divorce reconsidered. New York, NY, US.

https://www.amazon.com/Better-Worse-Divorce-Reconsidered/dp/0393324133

Hiyoshi, A., Fall, K., Netuveli, G., & Montgomery, S. (2015). Remarriage after divorce and depression risk. Social Science & Medicine, 141, 109-114. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.07.029

Jensen, T. M., & Harris, K. M. (2017). Stepfamily relationship quality and stepchildren’s depression in adolescence and adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 5(3), 191-203. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696816669901

Jensen, T. M., Lippold, M. A., Mills‐Koonce, R., & Fosco, G. M. (2018). Stepfamily relationship quality and children's internalizing and externalizing problems. Family process, 57(2), 477-495. ‏‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12284

Jeynes, W. H. (2006). The impact of parental remarriage on children: A meta-analysis. Marriage & family review, 40(4), 75-102. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v40n04_05

Jiménez-Barbero, J. A., Ruiz-Hernández, J. A., Llor-Esteban, B., & Waschgler, K. (2016). Influence of attitudes, impulsivity, and parental styles in adolescents’ externalizing behavior. Journal of health psychology, 21(1), 122-131. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314523303

Kann, L., McManus, T., Harris, W. A., Shanklin, S. L., Flint, K. H., Hawkins, J., ... & Zaza, S. (2016). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, 65(6), 1-174. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6506a1

Kreyenfeld, M., & Heintz-Martin, V. (2011). Economic conditions of stepfamilies from a cross-national perspective. Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 23(2), 128-153. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-204

Lambert, S. F., Roche, K. M., Saleem, F. T., & Henry, J. S. (2015). Mother–adolescent relationship quality as a moderator of associations between racial socialization and adolescent psychological adjustment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 85(5), 409-420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000085

Papernow, P. L. (2017). Blended Family. Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy, 291-294. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_471-1

Repond, G., Darwiche, J., El Ghaziri, N., & Antonietti, J. P. (2019). Coparenting in stepfamilies: A cluster analysis. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 60(3), 211-233. ‏‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2018.1488121

Saladino, V., Mosca, O., Lauriola, M., Hoelzlhammer, L., Cabras, C., & Verrastro, V. (2020). Is family structure associated with deviance propensity during adolescence? The role of family climate and anger dysregulation. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(24), 9257. ‏ ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249257

Schoeni, R. F., Freedman, V. A., Cornman, J. C., & Seltzer, J. A. (2022). The strength of parent–adult child ties in biological families and stepfamilies: Evidence from time diaries from older adults. Demography, 59(5), 1821-1842. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-10177468

Segrin, C., & Flora, J. (2018). Family communication. Routledge. ‏DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351132596

Smiseth, P. T., & Royle, N. J. (2018). The resolution of conflict in families. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 28, 8-12. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2018.03.007

Solomon, A. (2013). Adolescents' adjustment to divorce and living in step-families (Doctoral dissertation).‏ URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11070/903

Stewart, S. D. (2010). The characteristics and well‐being of adopted stepchildren. Family Relations, 59(5), 558-571. ‏DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2010.00623.x

Strawn, C. A., & Knox, C. S. (2007). Deconstructing the Myth of the" Wicked Stepmother": A Self-Study of a Stepmother/Stepdaughter Relationship. Advancing Women in Leadership, 25, N_A.‏ https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v30n01_04

Suter, E. A., & Norwood, K. M. (2017). Critical theorizing in family communication studies:(Re) reading relational dialectics theory 2.0. Communication Theory, 27(3), 290-308. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12117

Swann, J. (2017). Separation and Divorce in the Primary School: A critical consideration of the nature, incidence and impact on children, and possible school responses, both proactive and reactive. The STeP Journal, 4(3), 50-57. ‏ https://ojs.cumbria.ac.uk/index.php/step/article/view/416

Tulisalo, U. K., & Aro, H. M. (2000). Paternal remarriage as a modifier of proneness to depression in young adulthood. Journal of affective disorders, 57(1-3), 179-184. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00089-0

Van Lissa, C. J., Keizer, R., Van Lier, P. A., Meeus, W. H., & Branje, S. (2019). The role of fathers’ versus mothers’ parenting in emotion-regulation development from mid–late adolescence: Disentangling between-family differences from within-family effects. Developmental psychology, 55(2), 377. ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/.1037/dev0000612

Van Manen, M. (2016). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315421056

Visher, E. B. (2019). Stepfamilies: A guide to working with stepparents and stepchildren. Routledge. DOI: ‏ https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315784236

White, L. (2014). Stepfamilies over the life course: Social support. In Stepfamilies (pp. 109-137). Routledge.

‏ https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315827469-12/stepfamilies-life-course-social-support-lynn-white?context=ubx&refId=e92242a8-9249-4d15-b6f4-c42f8bcdd21f

Wong, S. K. (2017). The effects of single-mother and single-father families on youth crime: Examining five gender-related hypotheses. International journal of law, crime and justice, 50, 46-60. ‏ DOI: ‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2017.04.001

‏Ying, L., Ma, F., Huang, H., Guo, X., Chen, C., & Xu, F. (2015). Parental monitoring, parent-adolescent communication, and adolescents’ trust in their parents in China. PloS one, 10(8), e0134730. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134730