Development of a Model of Family Processes Affecting Job Promotion; Grounded Theory

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate of Counselling, Kharazmi University

2 Corresponding Author: Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrood University of Medical Sciences

3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Sciences, Kharazmi University

Abstract

Considering the lack of family content and processes affecting job promotion, the purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting job promotion and develop a model of family processes affecting it. This qualitative research work was conducted using grounded theory approach. The study sample consisted of 13 participants (8 males and 5 females) selected from among the university students in Bojnourd, Iran whose job promotion and job adaptability scores were one standard deviation higher than the mean. The sample was selected using the purposive and theoretical sampling method. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview and analyzed using Strauss and Carbon techniques including open, axial and selective coding. The interview analysis results led to the extraction of 885 concepts, 28 components and 12 categories including emotional support, discovery context, autonomy context, self-sufficiency context, job self-efficacy context, transcending dominant narratives, informational support, guaranteed social relationships, efficient family structure, positive role model, negative role model and involvement, which have been presented in two main dimensions including fundamental and instrumental dimensions. From the interaction of these twelve extracted factors, the model of family processes affecting job promotion is formulated, and its outcome is an individual who has experienced job promotion.

Keywords


Agbenyo, H., & Collett, K. (2014). Career advice and guidance in a world where vocational skills matter. In Handbook of Career Development (pp. 255-270): Springer.
Alderfer, C. (2004). A family therapist’s reaction to “The influences of the family of origin on career development: A review and analysis”. The Counseling Psychologist, 32(4), 569-577.
Batterham, J., & Levesley, T. (2011). New directions: young people’s and parents’ views of vocational education and careers guidance. London, England: City & Guilds Centre for Skills Development
Blustein, D. L. (2004). Moving from the inside out: Further explorations of the family of origin/career development linkage. The Counseling Psychologist, 32(4), 603-611.
Carr, A. (2012). Family therapy: Concepts, process and practice: John Wiley & Sons.
Chan, C.-C. (2017). The relationship among social support, career self-efficacy, career exploration, and career choices of Taiwanese college athletes. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education.
Chope, R. C. (2005). Qualitatively assessing family influence in career decision making. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(4), 395-414.
Cinamon, R. G., & Dan, O. (2010). Parental attitudes toward preschoolers’ career education: A mixed-method study. Journal of Career Development, 37(2), 519-540.
Dietrich, J., & Kracke, B. (2009). Career-specific parental behaviors in adolescents’ development. Journal of vocational behavior, 75(2), 109-119.
Duffy, R. D., & Dik, B. J. (2009). Beyond the self: External influences in the career development process. The career development quarterly, 58(1), 29-43.
Emmanuelle, V. (2009). Inter-relationships among attachment to mother and father, self-esteem, and career indecision. Journal of vocational behavior. 91-99(2)75.
Fouad, N. A., Kim, S.-y., Ghosh, A., Chang, W.-h., & Figueiredo, C. (2016). Family influence on career decision making: Validation in India and the United States. Journal of Career Assessment, 24(1), 197-212.
Garcia, P. R. J. M., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., Bordia, S., & Roxas, R. E. O. (2015). Career optimism: The roles of contextual support and career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of vocational behavior, 88, 10-18
Gibson, D. E. (2004). Role models in career development: New directions for theory and research. Journal of vocational behavior, 65(1), 134-156.
Guan, P., Capezio, A., Restubog, S. L. D., Read, S., Lajom, J. A. L., & Li, M. (2016). The role of traditionality in the relationships among parental support, career decision-making self-efficacy and career adaptability. Journal of vocational behavior, 94, 114-123.
Guan, Y., Wang, F., Liu, H., Ji, Y., Jia, X., Fang, Z., . . . Li, C. (2015). Career-specific parental behaviors, career exploration and career adaptability: A three-wave investigation among Chinese undergraduates. Journal of vocational behavior, 86, 95-103.
Hirschi, A. (2009). Career adaptability development in adolescence: Multiple predictors and effect on sense of power and life satisfaction. Journal of vocational behavior, 74(2), 145-155.
Hirschi, A., Niles, S. G., & Akos, P. (2011). Engagement in adolescent career preparation: Social support, personality and the development of choice decidedness and congruence. Journal of Adolescence, 34(1), 173-182.
Jiang, Z. (2017). Social Support and Career Psychological States: An Integrative Model of Person–Environment Fit. Journal of Career Assessment, 25(2), 219-237.
Keller, B. K., & Whiston, S. C. (2008). The role of parental influences on young adolescents' career development. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(2), 198-217
Lara, T., & Kindsvatter, A. (2010). A structural approach to assisting families recovering from job loss. The Family Journal, 18(4), 344-348.
Lent, R. W., & Brown, S. D. (2013). Social cognitive model of career self-management: Toward a unifying view of adaptive career behavior across the life span. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(4), 557.
Linn, P. L., Ferguson, J., & Egart, K. (2004). Career exploration via cooperative education and lifespan occupational choice. Journal of vocational behavior, 65(3), 430-447.
Lustig, D. C., Xu, Y. J., & Strauser, D. R. (2017). The influence of family of origin relationships on career thoughts. Journal of Career Development, 44(1), 49-61.
Magnuson, C. S., & Starr, M. F. (2000). How early is too early to begin life career planning? The importance of the elementary school years. Journal of Career Development, 27(2), 89-101
McDowell, D. J., Parke, R. D., & Spitzer, S. (2002). Parent and child cognitive representations of social situations and children's social competence. Social Development, 11(4), 469-486.
McLeroy, K. R., & Wendel, M. L. (2011). Health equity or iniquity? In: Springer
Patton, W., & McMahon, M. (2014). Career development and systems theory: Connecting theory and practice (Vol. 2): Springer
Patton, W., Creed, P., & Spooner-Lane, R. (2005). Validation of the short form of the career development inventory—Australian version with a sample of university students. Australian Journal of Career Development, 14(3), 49-59.
Porfeli, E. J., Wang, C., & Hartung, P. J. (2008). Family transmission of work affectivity and experiences to children. Journal of vocational behavior, 73(2), 278-286.
Restubog, S. L. D., Florentino, A. R., & Garcia, P. R. J. M. (2010). The mediating roles of career self-efficacy and career decidedness in the relationship between contextual support and persistence. Journal of vocational behavior, 77(2), 186-195.
Rogers, M. E., & Creed, P. A. (2011). A longitudinal examination of adolescent career planning and exploration using a social cognitive career theory framework. Journal of Adolescence, 34(1), 163-172.
Schultheiss, D. E. P., Kress, H. M., Manzi, A. J., & Glasscock, J. M. J. (2001). Relational influences in career development: A qualitative inquiry. The Counseling Psychologist, 29(2), 216-241.
Shin, Y. J., & Kelly, K. R. (2013). Cross‐cultural comparison of the effects of optimism, intrinsic motivation, and family relations on vocational identity. The career development quarterly, 61(2), 141-160.
Soresi, S., Nota, L., Ferrari, L., & Ginevra, M. C. (2014). Parental influences on youth’s career construction. In Handbook of career development (pp. 149-172): Springer
Tsai, C.-T. S., Hsu, H., & Yang, C.-C. (2017). Career decision self-efficacy plays a crucial role in hospitality undergraduates’ internship efficacy and career preparation. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 21, 61-68.
Turner, S., & Lapan, R. T. (2002). Career self‐efficacy and perceptions of parent support in adolescent career development. The career development quarterly, 51(1), 44-55.
Vess, L., & Lara, T. (2016). Career Counseling and Family Therapy: An Interview with Mark Savickas, PhD. The Family Journal, 24(1), 85-94.
Watson, M., & McMahon, M. (2005). Children’s career development: A research review from a learning perspective. Journal of vocational behavior, 67(2), 119-132.
Whiston, S. C., & Keller, B. K. (2004). The influences of the family of origin on career development: A review and analysis. The Counseling Psychologist, 32(4), 493-568.
 
Volume 14, Issue 49
Winter Quarterly 1398
March 2020
Pages 25-54
  • Receive Date: 21 January 2019
  • Revise Date: 09 September 2019
  • Accept Date: 03 October 2019
  • Publish Date: 20 February 2020